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1.
Acta bioeth ; 27(1): 69-78, jun. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383247

ABSTRACT

Abstract: 15. The anonymity of gamete donors in the context of medically-assisted reproduction techniques (ART) and the right of the offspring to know their genetic or biological parents' identity is a controversial and widely debated topic in the scientific literature. The positions on the issue in each country are different. Sometimes they are in opposition to each other even in countries with strong similarities, such as those in the European Union (EU), in the framework of shared ethical values. Although some countries still enshrine the rule of anonymity, there is an undeniable tendency to guarantee the right to know one's origins by creating relevant exceptions or abolishing donor anonymity status altogether. 16. This article offers ethical and legal considerations of whether the so-called 'right to be forgotten' (RTBF) could be extended to include gamete donors' right to remain anonymous. This perspective goes against the general trend, certainly in Europe, of recognizing that offspring born from donor gametes have a right to access information relating to their genetic progenitors. The novel addition is to question whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) might provide fertile ground for questioning this approach, and effectively support those jurisdictions where anonymity is still possible.


Resumen: 20. El anonimato de los donantes de gametos en el contexto de las técnicas de reproducción médicamente asistida (RM) y el derecho de la descendencia a conocer su identidad genética o biológica es un tema controvertido y ampliamente debatido en la literatura científica. Las posiciones sobre el tema en cada país son diferentes. A veces se oponen entre sí, incluso en países con fuertes similitudes, como los de la Unión Europea (UE), en el marco de valores éticos compartidos. Aunque algunos países siguen consagrando la norma del anonimato, es innegable la tendencia a garantizar el derecho a conocer el propio origen creando las excepciones pertinentes o suprimiendo por completo el estatus de anonimato del donante. 21. Este artículo ofrece consideraciones éticas y jurídicas sobre si el llamado "derecho al olvido" podría ampliarse para incluir el derecho de los donantes de gametos a permanecer en el anonimato. Esta opinión es contraria a la tendencia general, ciertamente en Europa, de reconocer que los hijos nacidos de gametos donados tienen derecho a acceder a la información relativa a sus padres genéticos. La nueva adición consiste en debatir si el Reglamento general de protección de datos (RGPD) podría proporcionar un terreno fértil para cuestionar este enfoque y apoyar efectivamente a las jurisdicciones en las que el anonimato sigue siendo posible.


Resumo 25. O anonimato dos dadores de gâmetas no contexto das técnicas de reprodução medicamente assistida (RMA) e o direito da descendência a conhecer a sua identidade genética ou biológica é um tema controverso e amplamente debatido na literatura científica. As posições sobre a questão em cada país são diferentes. Por vezes estão em oposição umas às outras, mesmo em países com fortes semelhanças, como os da União Europeia (UE), no quadro de valores éticos partilhados. Embora alguns países ainda consagrem a regra do anonimato, existe uma tendência inegável para garantir o direito de conhecer as suas origens, criando exceções relevantes ou abolindo completamente o estatuto de anonimato dos dadores. 26. Este artigo oferece considerações éticas e legais sobre se o chamado "direito ao esquecimento" poderia ser alargado para incluir o direito dos dadores de gâmetas a permanecerem anónimos. Esta perspetiva vai contra a tendência geral, certamente na Europa, de reconhecer que os descendentes nascidos de gâmetas doadas têm o direito de aceder à informação relacionada com os seus progenitores genéticos. O novo aditamento é debater se o Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados (RGPD) poderá fornecer um terreno fértil para questionar esta abordagem, e apoiar efetivamente as jurisdições onde o anonimato ainda é possível.


Subject(s)
Humans , Confidentiality/ethics , Patient Rights , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics , Tissue Donors , Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence , Privacy , Disclosure/legislation & jurisprudence , Disclosure/ethics , Directed Tissue Donation/legislation & jurisprudence , Germ Cells
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1095180

ABSTRACT

La donación de órganos es un gesto valioso, trascendente y solidario de por sí. Apuesta a mejorar la calidad de vida del receptor. A veces, constituye la única oportunidad de sobrevivir a una enfermedad. El Dr. Eduardo Luis Tinant analiza la donación entre personas vivas. Recorre las virtudes implícitas de este acto entre amigos y analiza los claroscuros propios de la comercialización de órganos. Con permiso del autor y de la Editorial,reproducimos la ponencia publicada el 4 de agosto de 2014 en Microjuris, Doctrina, 4/8/2014, MJD6814.


Subject(s)
Tissue and Organ Procurement , Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics
3.
Rev. bras. saúde matern. infant ; 10(supl.2): s297-s302, dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574862

ABSTRACT

Os êxitos recentes dos transplantes terapêuticos fizeram com que o anencéfalo fosse cogitado como possível fonte de órgãos para o atendimento de neonatos. Os primeiros relatos científicos de sua execução bem sucedida estimularam discussões para averiguar as possibilidades morais de sua concessão. Os resultados dessas discussões produziram dificuldades práticas quase impeditivas para a conversão do neonato anencéfalo de potencial para real doador de órgãos. A doação de células-tronco e medula óssea por portadores de anencefalia, surpreendentemente, não foi ainda granjeada.


The recent success of therapeutic transplants has led to anencephalic babies being considered as a possible source of organs for newborns. The first scientific reports of successful attempts to do this have sparked debate as to the moral issues involved. The results of these discussions have produced practical difficulties that make it almost impossible to convert na anencephalic neonate into a real organ donor. The donation of stem-cells and boné marrow by anencephalic babies has surprisingly still not been investigated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anencephaly , Bioethics , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics , Directed Tissue Donation/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Rev. bras. saúde matern. infant ; 10(supl.2): s391-s397, dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574874

ABSTRACT

Este artigo trata da divergência científica existente com relação à sobra de embriões congelados, particularmente entre a biologia, a religião, o direito e a bioética, e focando especialmente nos meios e nas formas com que cada uma dessas ciências caracteriza o início da vida. É objetivo dos autores, ainda, fornecer alternativas para a proteção do embrião humano, como a adoção por casais ou apenas por mulheres que, por razões médicas, não podem ser fertilizadas, mas que podem gestar. Em se tratando de Brasil, os autores concluem ser legal e legítimo a doação e a adoção de embrião humano para fertilização, desde que sejam considerados o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e mantido o sigilo sobre a identidade dos doadores de gametas, cujos dados devem permanecer registrados de forma permanente no centro onde ocorreu a fertilização.


This article deals with the existing scientific divergence with regard to the surplus of frozen embryos, especially between biology, religion, the law and bioethics, with a specific focus on the ways in which each of these areas determines the onset of life. The aim of the authors is to suggest alternatives that protect the human embryo, such as adoption by couples or by single women, who, for medical reasons, are infertile, but are capable of bearing a child. In the case of Brazil, the authors conclude that it is legal and legitimate to donate and adopt human embryos for fertilization, so long as the principle of human dignity is upheld and confidentiality maintained regarding the identity of the donors of the gametes, whose data should remain on file permanently at the center where fertilization occurred.


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Cryopreservation , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics , Directed Tissue Donation/legislation & jurisprudence , Embryonic Structures , Religion and Medicine , Religion and Science
5.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 121 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545038

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar as representações sociais construídas pelos familiares que, após a morte de seus parentes, ofereceram seus órgãos e tecidos para transplantes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo utilizando como instrumento a entrevista semidirigida, também conhecida pela comunidade científica como pesquisa semiestruturada.Foram entrevistados nove familiares de doadores mortos, um doador vivo e um receptor de órgãos. Dois sentidos emergiram no estudo de campo: um ligado à ideia de vida e outro ligado à ideia de morte. No primeiro, estão as percepções da doação como cura, solidariedade,continuidade e altruísmo; no segundo ocorre principalmente a questão da fragmentação do corpo. Assim, com esta pesquisa foi possível concluir que se as pessoas em vida pudessem falar livremente aos seus familiares sobre seu desejo de serem doadoras, poderiam de certa forma facilitar aos seus familiares a decisão em doar os órgãos no difícil momento da morte.Todos os indivíduos entrevistados neste trabalho expressaram que este fator foi determinante no momento da decisão e tornou a decisão menos estressante. Refletir sobre doação de órgãos no cotidiano permite que o tema saia do anonimato e adentre tanto nas redes de apoio social quanto em instituições hospitalares e de saúde, a ponto de facilitar a decisão posterior de familiares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Adaptation, Psychological , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics , Tissue Donors/psychology , Family Relations , Transplants/ethics
6.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009; 25 (1): 97-102
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-92382

ABSTRACT

To determine the awareness level regarding bioethical issues among graduate and Post graduate students and faculty of Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan. The study was carried out at the campus of Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan. it was a questionnaire based survey. Most of the participants were graduate students having relatively better knowledge of Science and Technology as 90.4% of them were found to be familiar with the term "Bioethics". it was encouraging to note that students at this level of education had positive opinion about the role of Science and Technology and had accepted its importance in their daily lives. The fact that the students are eager to learn more about bioethical issues was borne out by our data as 96% students were of the opinion that Bioethics should be taught regularly in the classes. There was a general agreement among the respondents that the government's policies on Bioethical issues are not satisfactory and that the issues need to be addressed; albeit within the frame work of religious [Islamic] teachings. The survey indicated that Cloning, Organ donation, GMO's, Contraception, Abortion and Stem Cell Research are regarded as the most important bioethical issues. Curriculum of educational institutions including Universities, Colleges and Schools should include appropriate courses on bioethics. The society in general needs to debate the issues through conferences, seminars, workshops and media for enhancing awareness, allaying fears and formulating opinions based on correct information


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Awareness/ethics , Bioethics/education , Religion and Science , Education, Graduate , Schools , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics , Contraception/ethics , Organisms, Genetically Modified , Stem Cells , Cloning, Organism/ethics , Abortion, Induced/ethics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students
7.
Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2007; 13 (2): 102-107
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-85188

ABSTRACT

The treatment of infertility by donating embryo is one of the methods to help fertility in couples suffering of infertility. In Iran, after it had been legitimized by religious dignitaries, the way to the implementation of such a method has been paved through a bill passed by the parliament in 2003, But a prerequisite for donating embryo is attention to more ethical Considerations which the legislator must explain it specifically and stop the unethical misuses. The applicant also must have more awareness to the medical and legal conditions. In this descriptive study, 86 couples applying to receive donated embryo over a period of six months were interviewed using the census method. The filled questionnaires yielded the data which were later analyzed using tenth version of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS]. Concerning study of infertility, in 93.9% of cases the cause of infertility was male. Any of the couples wasn't afflicted by drug addiction, AIDS, Hepatitis and Mental illness. 91.5% of the couples had no information about the identity of the donor and left the choke to the centre. 70.7% laid importance on moral characteristics 72% of them considered the genetic traits of the ensuing child much important. 59.8% of the couples never thought about the prospective relationship of the ensuing child with the donor as well as the identity problems coming out of the practice. 85.4% of couples would never disclose the embryo donation to the ensuing child. Anonymity of donor and recipient couples makes less legal and sentimental problems for the parents in future. In the other hand, the children's human right necessitates to inform the manner of conception to them. By the increasing of assisted reproductive birth, the risk of ignorant incest and genetic anomalies will be augmented. These problems lead the parents to tell the truth to their children who were born by embryo donation. As the embryo donation is almost a new technique in our country, a wide distance is seen between some of the attitudes and behaviours with the standard experienced advised one, especially in disclosure the manner of conception to the child and family. More extensive psychological consultation seems necessary to go underway. Moreover, couples need to know more about the legal aspects of embryo donation and how they would have a stronger family relationship between parents and children


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Directed Tissue Donation/ethics , Ethics, Medical , Patient Rights , Infertility , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires
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